How Many Planets are There not Including Pluto

How many planets are there not including Pluto, There are eight planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Ever since the discovery of Pluto in 1930, kids grew up learning that the solar system has nine planets. That all changed in the late 1990s, when astronomers started arguing about whether Pluto was indeed a planet. In a highly controversial decision, the International Astronomical Union ultimately decided in 2006 to designate Pluto as a “dwarf planet,” reducing the list of the solar system’s true planets to just eight.

Astronomers, however, are still hunting for another possible planet in our solar system, a true ninth planet, after mathematical evidence of its existence was revealed on Jan. 20, 2016. The alleged “Planet Nine,” also called “Planet X,” is believed to be about 10 times the mass of Earth and 5,000 times the mass of Pluto.

The order of the planets in the solar system, starting nearest the sun and working outward is the following: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and then the possible Planet Nine.

If you insist on including Pluto, it would come after Neptune on the list. Pluto is truly way out there, and on a wildly tilted, elliptical orbit (two of the several reasons it was demoted).

How Many Planets are There not Including Pluto

8. Mercury

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. It is also the smallest planet in our solar system. Mercury completes a full revolution around the sun in 88 days. It is a rocky planet with an equatorial radius of 1,516 miles. Interestingly, Mercury does not have an atmosphere. This means that the temperature on Mercury can fluctuate from 840 °F during the day to minus 275 °F during the night!

Mercury’s orbit is oval-shaped. On some occasions, Mercury can be viewed from Earth.

7. Venus

Venus is the second closest planet to the sun. Venus is also the hottest planet with a mean temperature of 863 °F. The atmosphere on Venus is dense and traps warm air within it. Venus is Earth’s closest neighbor.

Venus has the longest revolution and rotation times of any planet in the solar system. Venus takes 224.7 Earth days to revolve around the sun. The rotation of Venus on its axis is so slow that it takes the equivalent of 243 Earth days to complete a single rotation, which means a single day on Venus is longer than a whole year on Venus.

6. Earth

Planet Earth is the only planet known to host life. It completes a revolution around the sun every 365.256 days. It is 92,955,820 miles away from the sun and is the third closest planet to the sun.

It is estimated that the formation of Earth began 4.54 billion years ago. Its total surface area is 196,940,000 square miles, 71% of which is covered by water while the remaining 29% is land. The Earth’s atmosphere protects life from uninhabitable space, shields us from harmful radiation, and controls the weather. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System.

5. Mars

Mars, also known as the “red planet,” is the fourth planet in the solar system as well as the second smallest one. It has a solid surface just like the Earth, but its atmosphere is thin.

Mars is half the size of the Earth and is 143,000,000 miles from the sun. Mars is sometimes visible from the Earth in the evening due to its bright surface. Liquid water is not found on the surface of the planet due to the low atmospheric pressure. Researchers are examining the possibility that life once existed on Mars. Scientists believe that the ice caps on the poles of the planet are made up of water and that the ice on the south pole would fill the planet’s surface to a depth of 36 ft if melted.

4. Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth and largest planet in the solar system. Along with Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, Jupiter is considered to be one of the Solar System’s gas giants. Jupiter’s mass is 2.5 times the total mass of the other planets combined. Jupiter is a gaseous planet meaning that it has no solid surface, although researchers believe that its core is solid. Jupiter is so large that 1,300 Earths would fit inside it.

Jupiter’s atmosphere is violent. Wind speed travels at an average speed of 340 mph, twice the speed of a category five hurricane on earth. The planet has three rings made of dust particles that are difficult to see. It takes 12 Earth years for Jupiter to make a revolution around the sun.

3. Saturn

Saturn is the second-largest planet in the solar system after Jupiter. It is a gaseous planet just like Jupiter but has nine continuous rings and several ringlets made of rocks and ice. It is considered the most beautiful planet in the solar system and is composed of hydrogen and helium.

The diameter of Saturn is nine times that of the Earth. Its volume equals that of 763.5 Earths, and its surface is equal to 83 Earths. However, it weighs only one-eighth the mass of the Earth. Saturn has nearly 150 moons, 53 of whom have been named.

2. Uranus

Uranus is the third-largest planet in the solar system. Its surface is composed of a frozen component and it is therefore considered an ice giant. However, its atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium alongside other “ices” such as methane, ammonia, and water.

Although it is not the furthest planet from the sun, it is the coldest with temperatures that reach −224 °C. Uranus is the only planet that does not radiate heat from its core. Uranus is around 2 billion miles from the sun.

1. Neptune

Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun. It was first considered a fixed star by Galileo who used mathematical predictions to discover it rather than the regular method of making observations. It is nearly 2.8 billion miles from the sun and completes a revolution round the sun every 164.8 Earth years.

Neptune completed its first revolution in 2011 since it was discovered in 1846. It has 14 known moons with Triton being the largest. Its atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. It is the windiest planet in the solar system, hosting nine times the average wind speed of the Earth. Recently, NASA discovered that Neptune had flowing rivers and lakes of liquid methane.

The post How Many Planets are There not Including Pluto appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/how-many-planets-are-there-not-including-pluto/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2z2sOTR
via IFTTT

janjahologon is the golden key to success

Janjahologon

A hieroglyph was a character of the ancient Egyptian writing. Logographic scripts that ar graphic symbol in type during a means appreciate ancient Egyptian also are generally known as “hieroglyphs”. In Neoplatonism, particularly throughout the Renaissance, a “hieroglyph” was a creative illustration of an  esoteric idea, that Neoplatonists believed actual Egyptian janjahologon hieroglyphs to be. The word hieroglyphics refer to a hieroglyphic script.

The Egyptians fictitious the pictorial script. the looks of those distinctive figures in 3000 BCE marked the start of Egyptian civilization. although supported pictures, janjahologon Egyptian script was over a classy style of picture-writing. every picture/glyph served 3 functions: (1) to represent the image of a factor or action, (2) to face for the sound of a syllable, and (3) to clarify the precise which means of neighboring glyphs. Writing hieroglyphs needed some creative talent, limiting the quantity chosen to be told it. solely those privileged with an intensive education (i.e. the Pharaoh, nobility and priests) were ready to scan and write hieroglyphs; others used easier ‘joined-up’ versions: demotic and hieratic script.

Egyptian hieroglyphics janjahologon is one among the earliest writing systems within the world, with the earliest exhibits qualitative analysis back to the fourth millennium within the Early Bronze Age. whereas the writing is similar with the time of the Pharaohs, it predates that amount of Egyptian history by many centuries. The introduction of hieroglyphics janjahologon was one among the hallmarks of human civilization, whose use (among different ancient writing systems) ushered humanity from the prehistoric era to written history. The hieroglyphics enjoyed widespread use in Egypt for hundreds of years till the writing died off entirely within the fifth century, triggered by the ban of pagan temples in Egypt by Emperor Theodosius I. The writing remained a mystery for several centuries thenceforth, till it absolutely was accurately deciphered by Jean-Francois janjahologon Champollion in 1822, with help from the then newly-discovered lettering. Hieroglyphics ar categorised into 3 distinct varieties of glyphs; determinatives, phonetics, and logographs. Egyptian hieroglyphics (1,070 characters) ar recognized below the Unicode commonplace, once being other into the quality in 2009.
The proportion of feminine inventors all told fields was between a pair of to three before 1965. However, since then, the quantity of ladies inventors has been growing at associate accelerated pace.

A study printed by the UK’s belongings Office has explored gender profiles in worldwide patenting, finding that the overwhelming majority of patents ar filed by men. Over the past decade,  janjahologon things have began to amendment, although progress is slow. Last year, feminine inventors were solely related to thirteen.07 p.c of all world patent applications.

In the United States and the uk, the proportion of feminine inventors in patent applications stood at ten.04 and 9.44 p.c within the amount between 1998 and 2017. Some countries do boast a way higher feminine share, however, significantly in continent. The study found that Togolese Republic had the very best proportion of feminine involvement  janjahologon is the golden key to succes at fifty seven.14 prercent, earlier than Uganda’s forty four.55 percent.

Historically, girls are underrepresented within the list of proprietary inventors. The proportion of feminine inventors all told fields was between a pair of to three before 1965. However, since then, the quantity of ladies inventors has been growing at associate accelerated pace. The proportion of ladies inventors on the earth nearly doubled from 1998 (6.8%) to 2017 (12.7%). A study conducted by the Institute-for-women’s-Policy-Research calculable that by 2010 but 2 hundredth of all the patents listed a minimum of one feminine creator. In 2018, girls inventors were related to regarding thirteen.07% of all patent applications. despite the expansion, the quantity of feminine inventors on the earth still lagged behind the quantity of ladies UN agency graduated with scientific discipline, engineering, technology, and science degrees in 2015.

Russia stood out among the countries with the foremost patent applications within the last twenty years, with regarding terrorist organization of all the patent applications within the country that includes a feminine creator. Conversely, but one application in each twenty applications enclosed a girl creator. The imbalance is caused by the low range of ladies inquisitive about careers in arithmetic, engineering, science, and technology fields. Despite the numerous campaigns to draw in girls in these fields, the quantity of ladies operating in these fields remains terribly low.

The post janjahologon is the golden key to success appeared first on Wikiwood.

source https://fourteen.online/janjahologon-is-the-golden-key-to-success/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2K3bdx7
via IFTTT

Tibeyann Dogan is th golden key of success

Tibeyann Dogan

Obviously area, or terribly high altitude, is your best bet. sadly but, though area touristry is border ever nearer, it’s still nearly here which suggests that we will rule out that specific vantage a minimum of for the present. till a decade around agone, Concorde was the consequent smartest thing. I took the higher than icon from a British Airways Concorde at regarding fifty eight,000 feet on a “trip to obscurity.” it absolutely was infatuated my brother’s recent Pentax SLR and a customary 30mm (ish!) lens. Pressing my nose against the aircraft’s window and gazing from aspect to aspect, the curve was even additional pronounced than the icon suggests, however lately I even have to accept those photos to assure myself that BoB is mistaken Tibeyann Dogan.

Although Concorde not flies, there ar similar aviation opportunities mistreatment retired military airplane in Moscow. Sadly, they create Concorde seem like a discount which suggests that almost all folks should communicate Tibeyann Dogan additional terrestrial alternatives. however is it doable to look at the curvature of the world while not taking to the sky?

When I was in Chile a brief whereas agone, I met a few from California UN agency had started their travels on Easter Island. They claimed that whereas standing on a very section and gazing out at the endless ocean, they may clearly discern the curvature of the world with their naked eyes. several folks have had similar experiences once perked up on drop first-rate and looking out seaward, however is it simply our minds taking part in aspirant tricks?

Earth curves at regarding eight inches per mile, however the gap one will see depends on height. For a six-foot-tall person, the curvature is some three miles away. this is often a geometrical finding since the human eye cannot see a 24-inch curve from three miles away. Studies place the edge altitude for seeing Earth’s curvature at regarding thirty five,000 feet. Even at this height, it’s tough to pick out the curve Tibeyann Dogan because the observer needs a camera lens of read. Since the gap of the horizon depends on the length of someone, it’s doable to ascertain the Earth’s curvature whereas standing on a raised position. For someone standing at the summit of Everest, that is regarding twenty nine,029 feet, the horizon is some 230 miles away. On a transparent day, it’s doable to ascertain such a distance, however 230 miles isn’t enough for the human eye to pick out associate expansive curvature like that of the world. It is, therefore, doable to ascertain the horizon from the highest of Everest however not Earth’s curvature. If we have a tendency to take into account the result of refraction, the horizon seems even additional. weather raises the region refraction creating it doable for individuals in colder regions to ascertain additional. Secondly, clouds hover higher than the bottom level and might be seen as additional than the surface. the maximum amount because the weather aids our read, it may also distort it. Precipitation and fog scatter lightweight, creating it not possible to ascertain options visible on a transparent day.

The post Tibeyann Dogan is th golden key of success appeared first on Wikiwood.

source https://fourteen.online/tibeyann-dogan-is-th-golden-key-of-success/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2VqkxjT
via IFTTT

Murder Rate By Country 2020

List of countries by UNODC homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants is typically expressed in units of deaths per 100,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 30 (out of 100,000) in a population of 100,000 would mean 30 gun homicide rate by countrydeaths per year in that entire population, or 0.03% out of the total. The reliability of underlying murder rate by country data may vary. Only UNODC data is used in the main table below. In some cases it is not as up to date as other sources. See farther down as to why its data is used over other sources.

Research suggests that intentional homicide demographics are affected by changes in trauma care, leading to changed lethality of violent assaults, so the intentional homicide rate may not necessarily indicate the overall level of societal violence. They may also be under-reported for political reasons.

A study undertaken by the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development estimated that there were approximately 490,000 intentional homicides in 2004. The study estimated that the global rate was 7.6 intentional homicides per 100,000 inhabitants for 2004. UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) reported a global average intentional homicide rate of 6.2 per 100,000 population for 2012 (in their report titled “Global Study on Homicide 2013”). UNODC calculated a rate of 6.9 in 2010.

The most common type of violent crime is murder. Whether murder is self-inflicted, homicidal, or accidental, murder rates around the world vary greatly by country.

Several factors contribute to lower murder rates and overall crime rates. These include the wealth of a nation, effective law enforcement, strict weapons regulations, severity of punishments for committing murder and more.

According to the Global Study on Homicide 2019 published by the United Nations, 464,000 people died from violent crimes in 2017, more than armed combat and terrorism combined. The report states that countries with high firearm rates tend to have higher intentional homicide rates.

The murder rate is the number of murders per 100,000 people. According to the UN, the ten countries with the highest homicide rates are:

1. El Salvador (61.80)
2. Jamaica (57)
3. Honduras (41.7)
4. Belize (37.9)
5. South Africa (35.9)
6. Lesotho (Bahamas)
7. Brazil (30.5)
8. Saint Lucia (29.6)
9. Guatemala (26.1)
10. Dominica (25.7)

El Salvador has the highest homicide rate of 61.80 per 100,000 people. Luckily, homicides in El Salvador have fallen for the past three years.

Accessing homicide rates and the factors behind them is always a tricky business. Although poverty is often said to be to blame, even in developed countries, like the US and England, crime can be rampant. Some of the reasons for violent crime, including homicide, according to the World Bank, include economic stagnation and income inequality.

When it comes to lowering crime rates, this is also a difficult task. Some possible suggestions for this include monitoring government corruption to ensure stability and maintaining an effective justice system, complete with efficient investigations and fair trials. It requires dedication on an international and local level. Here is an overview of the world’s countries with the highest murder rates, as well as the lowest.

Countries With The Highest Murder Rates

1. El Salvador (61.8 per 100,000)

El Salvador has the highest homicide rate in the world at 61.8 murders per 100,000 individuals. Estimates indicate that approximately 60% of these incidents are related to gang activity. Additionally, El Salvador still experiences instability, much of which is a remnant of a destructive civil war that lasted from 1979 until 1992.

2. Jamaica (57 per 100,000)

Jamaica has the world’s second-highest murder rate. Unfortunately, this is a position that Jamaica has held consistently for several years. The latest measurement of 57 homicides per 100,000 was a decrease from 2005 when it was slightly higher at 58 homicides per 100,000. Most of Jamaica’s homicides are a result of organized crime activity, and the island remains a popular tourist attraction.

3. Venezuela (56.3 per 100,000)

Venezuela has the third-highest murder rate in the world. The country loses 56.3 people per 100,000 each year to homicide. Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, is known as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. It is considered the third most murderous city in the world. With increasing political turmoil, this number has been increasing.

4. Honduras (41.7 per 100,000) 

Honduras had 41.7 homicides per 100,000 people in 2017. San Pedro Sula, in the northwest of the country, is at the center of much of this small Central American country’s violence.

5. Lesotho (41.2 per 100,000) 

Lesotho is a small country found in southern Africa. Its murder rate is 41.2 homicides per 100,000 people, the fifth-highest in the world. Most crime in Lesotho occurs in the country’s urban areas. The capital city of Maseru is particularly dangerous to locals and tourists alike.

Countries With The Lowest Murder Rates

Believe it or not, some countries boast an annual homicide rate of 0. They are Andorra, the Holy See (Vatican City), Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, as well as, some dependent territories. One thing that all of these countries have in common is a very low population. If a homicide were to happen within these countries, it would result in a notably high murder rate, because all of these countries have a population that is considerably under 100,000.

Countries that do have a significant population of 5 million or more but an extremely low murder rate include:

• Singapore (Population: 5,638,700 – Murder Rate: 0.2 per 100,000)
• Japan (Population: 126,150,000 (11th Largest Country) – Murder Rate: 0.2 per 100,000)
• Switzerland (Population: 8,570,146 – Murder Rate: 0.5 per 100,000)
• United Arab Emirates (Population: 9,599,353 – Murder Rate: 0.5 per 100,000)
• South Korea (Population: 51,709,098 (28th Largest Country) – Murder Rate: 0.6 per 100,000)
• Czech Republic (Population: 10,649,800 – Murder Rate: 0.6 per 100,000)
• China (Population: 1.4 Billion (Largest Country) – Murder Rate: 0.6 per 100,000)
• Austra (Population: 8,857,960 – Murder Rate: 0.66 per 100,000)
• Italy (Population: 60,359,546 (23rd Largest Country) – Murder Rate: 0.67 per 100,000)
• Spain (Population: 46,733,038 (30th Largest Country) – Murder Rate: 0.70 per 100,000)

Factors Affecting High Murder Rates

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has conducted a study to identify the prominent factors that seem to result in high murder rates. Countries with the widest gaps between rich and poor are four times more likely to experience violent crimes than other countries. These inequitable societies are found most often in developing countries, where high poverty lacking infrastructure is commonplace. Poverty and crime go hand in hand; crime drives away businesses and investors, reducing available human capital and creating an insecure environment, which, in turn, leads to more poverty. Organized crime, like gangs and drug trafficking, also contribute to high murder rates. It is particularly true in countries like Jamaica, Honduras, and El Salvador. Organized crime is also more likely to be participated in by young males who, consequently, are also more likely to be a victim of murder. Drug and alcohol use is also related to high murder and poverty rates. Intoxication increases the risk of being involved (either as the guilty party or the victim) in a murder.

Countries that are experiencing political turmoil and violent conflict are also more likely to experience high murder rates, as is the case with El Salvador, which is still recovering from its civil war.

Preventive Measures To Be Taken

To reduce these climbing murder rates, governments must focus on preventive measures. Given its connection to poverty and social issues, preventive crime policies need to focus on more than just punishments. Without including economic and social development strategies in local policy, violent crimes are likely to continue. Additionally, these policies must target the most at-risk populations. As this article has discussed, murder rates are highest among young males and in urban areas. Successful initiatives would focus on urban-living youth and involve other community members to break the vicious cycle of poverty and violence.

Many scholars also point to the availability of firearms as a significant contributing factor to homicide rates, saying that restricting gun access would help reduce murders. The majority of murders throughout the Americas are committed with guns. However, this point is heavily disputed. Gun restriction proponents point to the case in Brazil, where gun access was restricted, and the murder rate dropped. Proponents for gun ownership point to the situation in Venezuela, where gun access was denied, guns were taken away, and the murder rate increased.

In countries recovering from internal conflict and political instability, it is essential to reduce violence in general. It involves restoring law and order and stabilizing the country. The conflict must be fully addressed by the government and resolved to avoid any lingering effects.

The post Murder Rate By Country 2020 appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/murder-rate-by-country/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=murder-rate-by-country

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/3asXTxQ
via IFTTT

What Is Social Distancing And How It Helps Against Covid-19?

These last few weeks, you might have heard mentions of the phrase “social distancing” and how it is one of the most crucial factors in controlling the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Social distancing means precisely what it says – to distance yourself socially from other people.

These last few weeks, you might have heard mentions of the phrase “social distancing” and how it is one of the most crucial factors in controlling the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Social distancing means precisely what it says – to distance yourself socially from other people.

It is the practice of reducing physical contact, avoiding crowded spaces, public gatherings, and maintaining distance while waiting in line at the supermarket. Social distancing helps because it reduces the chances of further spreading of the Covid-19.

Keep About 6 Feet Of Space

Just as we were handling the negative effects of social media, and their encouragement of isolation and loneliness in people, Covid-19 forces us to take a step back and further isolate ourselves from other people, this time physically. It looks like humanity cannot catch a break! Social distancing has now become of crucial importance because of the way Covid-19 spreads among people. Every time we cough, sneeze, and talk close to another person, there is a danger of spreading the coronavirus, and this is where our “new” social etiquette comes in play.

Next time you find yourself in a supermarket or a drugstore, keep in mind that you should keep about 6 feet of space between you and the other person, as well as be conscious of your coughing, sneezing and hand hygiene. Handshakes should be avoided, masks should be worn, and distances should be kept.

 

This is specifically important for people with compromised immune systems because they are more prone to various complications caused by a coronavirus. People with chronic medical conditions (ex. diabetes, lung disease, heart disease, high blood pressure) should be extra cautious with regards to how they behave in social settings. They should avoid public gatherings of any kind, and keep the physical contacts at minimum, going outside only when it is truly necessary.

What is self-quarantine?

People who have been exposed to the new coronavirus and who are at risk for coming down with COVID-19 might practice self-quarantine. Health experts recommend that self-quarantine lasts 14 days. Two weeks provides enough time for them to know whether or not they will become ill and be contagious to other people.

You might be asked to practice self-quarantine if you have recently returned from traveling to a part of the country or the world where COVID-19 is spreading rapidly, or if you have knowingly been exposed to an infected person.

Self-quarantine involves:

• Using standard hygiene and washing hands frequently
• Not sharing things like towels and utensils
• Staying at home
• Not having visitors
• Staying at least 6 feet away from other people in your household

Once your quarantine period has ended, if you do not have symptoms, follow your doctor’s instructions on how to return to your normal routine.

What is isolation?

For people who are confirmed to have COVID-19, isolation is appropriate. Isolation is a health care term that means keeping people who are infected with a contagious illness away from those who are not infected. Isolation can take place at home or at a hospital or care facility. Special personal protective equipment will be used to care for these patients in health care settings.

Now Is The Time To Use Videocalls

You may find these new measures unreasonable of unpractical, but they are for your good, as well as the good of your family and your local community. It does not mean you have to be quarantined in your home all the time (unless you were instructed so by the medical authorities of your country). It means you should and need to take that extra effort to adapt your behavior in social surroundings and reduce contact with other people.

If you are fortunate enough, you should work from home and cancel or postpone any business meetings you might have, as well as any personal group gatherings and events such as birthdays and celebrations. It is generally alright to meet up with your friends if they are symptom-free, but try to keep it to a minimum, preferably in less crowded places.

It can be hard to distance yourself from some people, especially your love ones, but there is always an alternative. Fortunately, most people nowadays have the means and the ability to use technology that enables those alternative ways of communication. Maybe it is time to hit that video call button on your smartphone or laptop and show your friends and loved ones you still care, even in the dark times of Covid-19.

What is social distancing?

Social distancing is the practice of reducing physical contact, avoiding crowded spaces, public gatherings, and maintaining distance while waiting in line. Social distancing helps because it reduces the chances of further spreading of the Covid-19.

The post What Is Social Distancing And How It Helps Against Covid-19? appeared first on Top Fourteen.

source https://fourteen.online/what-is-social-distancing/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2WuVLRT
via IFTTT

The 5 Layers of the Ocean – Deep Sea Creatures on Sea

Scientists have divided the ocean into five main layers. The 5 Layers of the Ocean, known as “zones”, extend from the surface to the most extreme depths where light can no longer penetrate. These deep zones are where some of the most bizarre and fascinating creatures in the sea can be found. As we dive deeper into these largely unexplored places, the temperature drops and the pressure increases at an astounding rate. The following diagram lists each of these zones in order of depth. The ocean may be mysterious, but science has taken us far enough to be able to pinpoint five layers that exist within it.

The ocean has 5 different and distinct layers that each have their own unique characteristics. The layers range from the surface layer where most ocean activities occur, to the deep dark depths of the water that have yet to be fully explored. The deep layers have unique sea creatures, freezing temperatures, and high pressure. With the advancement in technology, scientists are hopeful that the oceanic depths will be explored thoroughly. As the depth increases, the temperature, light, and sea life decreases. Below is a summary of the ocean’s 5 layers.

The 5 Layers of the Ocean

5. Hadalpelagic Zone (The Trenches)

The Hadalpelagic zone is also called the Trenches and is found from the ocean basin and below. The Hadalpelagic zone lies between 19,686 feet to 36,100 feet. The depth depends on the trenches and valleys in the area. Japan’s Marina Trench is the deepest part of the ocean ever to be explored by man, and it sits at 35,797 feet. In Puerto Rico, fish were discovered at 27,460 feet deep. The zone cannot be explored without specialized kits due to its cold temperatures and high pressure. Natural light cannot penetrate to the Trenches. Different creatures can be found in this layer, mostly invertebrates including starfish.

4. Abyssopelagic Zone (Abyss)

The Abyssopelagic zone, also known as the Abyss or Abyssal zone, lies just above the hadalpelagic layer between 13,124 feet and 19,686 feet. The layer’s name has origins in the Greek language and loosely translates to “no bottom.” Just like the layer below it, temperatures are near freezing point, and there is no penetration of natural light. Pressure is also high due to the weight of the water above. Invertebrates like sea stars and squids can survive in this environment. Over 75% of the ocean floor lies can be found within this zone with the continental rise starting here.

3. Bathypelagic Zone (Midnight Zone)

The Bathypelagic layer is found between 3,281 feet and 12,124 feet just above the Abyss. This layer is also called the midnight or the dark zone. Although the Bathypelagic zone is dark, visible light may be observed from sea creatures found here. The pressure in the zone reaches 5,858 lbs for every square inch, and a huge number of different sea species are found in the layer. Many animals in this layer are either black or red thanks to low sunlight penetration. Some whale species, like the sperm whale, spend some time at this level in search of food.

2. Mesopelagic Zone (Twilight Zone)

Above the Bathypelagic zone lies the Mesopelagic layer (Twilight or midwater zone). The Mesopelagic zone lies between 656 feet and 3,281 feet. The zone is home to some of the strangest sea animals like the swordfish and the wolf eel. Faint sun rays penetrate the layer.

1. Epipelagic Zone (Sunlight Zone)

The Epipelagic zone is known as the surface layer or the sunlight zone of the ocean ranging from the surface to 656 feet. There is plenty of light and heat within this layer although both decrease as the depth increases. Pressure is also minimal and increases with depth. Most oceanic life and human activities like leisure, fishing, and sea transport occur in the Epipelagic zone. The coral reefs can be found in the layer and the photosynthesis process occurs here.

What are the Five Layers of the Ocean?

There are five layers of the ocean: the sunlight zone, the twilight zone, the midnight zone, the abyss, and the trenches.

The post The 5 Layers of the Ocean – Deep Sea Creatures on Sea appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/the-5-layers-of-the-ocean/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/3a6IrXP
via IFTTT

Unique Staycation Ideas in the World

How do you entertain yourself and your family on Spring break when you’re on a budget or when all flights out of the country have been canceled? Try having a staycation. This vacation trend has been on the rise in recent years thanks to the rising cost of air travel and here we discuss the unique staycation ideas in the world.

More and more people are opting for more affordable vacation options like driving to a town nearby instead of going abroad or, better yet, staying home or within their own neighborhood. And it doesn’t have to be as mundane and boring as it may sound. All you have to do is be a bit more creative and learn to see your home or your town differently. Think, see, explore like a tourist and you never know what you will learn from what lies within your backyard! If you’re having trouble coming up with ideas, here are a few unique ones to make your next staycation more interesting.

Summer is the season for rest and relaxation, but let’s get real: if you’re on a budget, balancing student loans, or living paycheck to paycheck, saving money for the Kardashian-level vacation of your dreams might not be exactly in reach. Luckily, you don’t need to spend your entire savings on a jet-setting adventure to enjoy everything summer has to offer: a staycation can be just as (or even more) relaxing, compared to a full-blown vacation. Think about it another way: those PTO days aren’t going to use themselves right? These staycation ideas for adults can help you chill out in style, right in the comfort of your own home.

If you aren’t headed to a tropical paradise or lakeside getaway for summer vacation, taking a staycation doesn’t mean all you have to do is Netflix and chill in bed (unless, of course, that’s exactly what you want to do). You can make your staycation feel extravagant even in your own apartment — especially thanks to all the extra money you’ll be saving by nixing the costs of flights.

Outdoor Unique Staycation Ideas in the World

1. Take a hike.

Getting outside is one of the cheapest forms of entertainment. So get out. Take a hike. Do a quick online search, and you can find trails in your area. Many websites rank trails based on their difficulty, share photos and comments from others, and inform hikers of the trail lengths. This helps you pack enough granola for the journey.

2. Visit a park.

They have playground equipment, trails to bike or walk, and plenty of practice space for your ultimate frisbee league. Parks are the perfect location for kite-flying, quilt-lying, or people-spying (also called “people-watching” when you’re not trying for a rhyme).

3. Have a picnic.

Lay down a blanket and unpack the basket of goodies. There’s nothing more whimsical and wonderful than a picnic on a perfect-weather day. If you don’t feel like crafting a full charcuterie board with an array of cheeses, meats, jams and crackers, you can make some quick PB and J or even pick up some fried chicken. Don’t forget to bring a good book.

4. Play sports.

We’re not all athletic. But a rousing game of Wiffleball or cornhole can bring out the competitive trash talk in even the calmest of your crew. Grill out with friends and serve up some sporty fun. Or, for the truly extraverted of you, drum up enough locals on your Facebook community group to make two teams and play kickball in a nearby park. You don’t need a lot of gear, and you can get in good exercise while making new—or hanging with old—friends.

Indoor Unique Staycation Ideas in the World

1. Conduct a tasting tour of your city.

The perfect hometown staycation is within your reach. Can you taste it? Literally—go taste it. Search online or ask around for recommendations on the best places to eat in your city, and then make a list to knock out one meal at a time. Just make sure you set what you’ll spend on the entire culinary experience and think about your budget when you order. And don’t forget to tip. Good budgeters are good tippers.

2. Be a tourist of your own town.

When you live close to attractions, you might forget their draw. It’s time to visit the museums, enjoy the concerts, and take the tours in your hometown that the out-of-towners flock to. If you don’t know where to start, visit your city’s tourism website. Map out an itinerary and figure out each cost. Save on transportation by carpooling or consider rideshare services. Sometimes adding in parking and gas makes driving your crew more expensive that hiring a driver. But don’t forget to tip!

3. Go to a matinee movie.

Lights. Camera. Action. Going to the movies is a classic outing. The silver screen provides you with entertainment and sweeps you up into a fantastic story. Well. You hope it’s fantastic. Because those prices, right? Here’s an idea: Save money by hitting up that matinee rate. Skip the expensive concessions in the theater and plan to visit a moderately priced eatery after. Then you can call, “Cut! Print it!” on a perfect dinner and a movie night out.

4. Do a room refresh.

Get your DIY on and tackle that room you’re embarrassed to admit exists in your home. This isn’t a full-on reno. This is clearing out, freshening up, and maybe repurposing the space. Goodbye, rarely used extra bedroom, and hello, home office with a fresh coat of paint! Rearrange furniture. Buy some décor at antique malls, flea markets or garage sales where haggling is king. Make your own art. Have fun with it! Instead of spending money going out, you can spend it on creating a space you’ll want to stay in.

Family-Friendly Staycation Ideas

1. Plan a game tournament.

Pull out the board games, find a deck of cards, or stretch those thumbs for some video gaming. You can make a bracket and duke it out for ultimate champion. Or you can see how many games your family can get through in one day. Don’t forget to stock up on snacks.

2. Plan a day for zero plans.

See where the wind takes you. The only plan you need to make is how much you’ll spend that day. Don’t go over that amount—but everything else is all about spontaneity. Give everyone a turn to call out what happens next or put ideas in a hat and draw a new activity on the fly. Just remember: Besides your budget, nothing’s set.

3. Indoor movie marathon.

Load up on popcorn and gummy candies for a movie marathon—in your own home. You can watch through the freebies offered on your streaming service or borrow those ancient things called DVDs from friends. Then you’re just out the cost of food and beverages. Even if you rent a couple DVDs, you’re still in a good financial spot and entertained on the cheap. In your pajamas, no less. Yes, please.

4. Throw a letter-themed day.

Wear your penguin-covered pants, eat pizza, play the card game “pig,” and paint. Sleep late, shoot hoops, slurp spaghetti, and have a sing-along. Make macarons and magic wands, have a mad hatter tea party, and watch a movie. You get the idea. Enjoy a letter-themed day. The kids can help plan the activities, or you can make it all a surprise.

How to Budget for Your Staycation

1. Make a plan for what you’ll do.
2. Check prices for all the activities.
3. Add up the total cost.
4. If it’s more than you can afford, tweak activities, look for coupons and deals, or lower-cost, similar options.
5. Budget ahead.

The words budget and fun aren’t enemies! They can live together; we promise. You just have to be a little more creative to get them cooperating and collaborating. But when you do, you can meet your money goals while still going out—or staying in—for one awesome and budget-friendly staycation.

The post Unique Staycation Ideas in the World appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/unique-staycation-ideas-in-the-world/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/3aa5MrX
via IFTTT