Countries With The Most Dogs Worldwide

A look at global populations of mankind’s best friends.

Though pet dogs are beloved like human family members in certain countries, in some others stray canines are considered a societal pariah and a risk to human health, well-being, and physical safety. Most global authorities agree that the proper treatment, spaying, neutering, and vaccination of dogs are the best ways to keep dog-related problems in check. That way, nations can enjoy the benefits that dog ownership proffers, ranging from companionship and camaraderie to the facilitation of a bomming pet indursty.

10. Romania (4.1 million)

There is a huge controversy regarding stray dogs in Romania, the population of which is about 4.1 million in that same country. It is believed that the problem with dogs started during the 1980s, when the people of the country were forced to leave their countryside homes and settle in small urban apartments to satisfy the dictates inherent to the industrialization drive that was being pushed by the authoritarian leader at the time, Nicolae Ceausescu. Dogs had to be abandoned on the streets in such cases, and they rapidly multiplied in short order, leaving Romania’s streets full of these homeless canines. For years, these dogs have been subjected to mass slaughter in ways that have often been criticized by animal organizations. In 2008, a new animal welfare law was passed in the country which ruled that no healthy animal must be killed. However, situations got worse still when, in 2013, a boy in Bucharest was believed to have been killed by stray dogs. The government took the opportunity this incident provided to stoke the fires of hatred Romanians had against dogs, and the mass killing of these animals became worse than ever. The culling of dogs in Romania has even received media attention sufficient enough to provoke criticicsm from foreign governments.

9. France (7.4 million)

France has 17 dogs per 100 people, one of the highest ratios in the world, and a dog population of about 7.4 million. 40% of the French people claim to love their dogs like human family members, and dog grooming parlors are to be found in almost every town of the country. Even though there is no licensing system for dogs, every dog born after the 6th of January, 1999, is required to adorn a tattoo or a microchip under the skin that mentions its official identifying number. Despite the French being famous dog lovers, about 100,000 dogs are abandoned by their owners every year, many of which are taken to the local pounds to be euthanized. Also, about 60,000 dogs, especially those of high prized breeds, are stolen each year. Rabies has almost been eradicated in France, where strict vaccination requirements for dogs are in place. However, a few minor incidents of the disease were reported in 2001, 2002, and 2004.

8. Argentina (9.2 million)

The Latin American country of Argentina has a booming population of man’s best friends. As the country becomes wealthier, a larger number of its population are owning dogs as pets, and the market for pet care is also increasingly making rapid strides. Many apartments in Argentina’s large cities allow pets to be kept, which is also encouraging people to adopt dogs. Poodles, Labradors, and German shepherds are the most popular breeds in the country, while about 16% of the owners have adopted stray dogs to keep as their pets. The government of the country also encourages pet ownership, and has promoted canine vaccinations and spaying/neutering programs. Dog feces on the sidewalks of the cities, however, poses a major problem in the country’s cities, with an estimate stating that dogs leave about 35,000 kilograms of waste on Argentine sidewalks per day.

7. India (10.2 million)

The situation for Indian stray dogs is a unique one. These animals have developed into a class of their own, surviving (and often actually thriving) in the streets of India, fighting all odds and living on with the love and support of India’s tolerant human population. Harming or culling stray dogs in India is almost always met with public criticism. Here, spaying/neutering (referred to as the Animal Birth Control or ABC programme) and anti-rabies (AR) vaccination of dogs is considered as the humane way of keeping the growing stray dog population in control. The Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules (2001), under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, made it clear that dogs in India must not be killed or displaced to reduce their populations. Though stray incidents of cruelty against these dogs does occur on a countrywide level, the population of the country has generally learned to live with these dogs, and many even feed and take care of these canines on the streets. Governments and non-governmental organizations work hand-in-hand in India to fund and execute the ABC-AR programmes. Positive results have been obtained in some states, where such activities have reduced the number of dog-related bite cases, as well as decreased the dog population to a certain extent. For example, the implementation of the ABC-AR program in the Jaipur city of India has resulted in zero human rabies cases, and a concurrent fall in dog bite cases from 700 to 200 per 100,000 people. The population of stray dogs has also declined by about 50% between 1995 to 2014.

6. Phillipines (11.6 million)

The Philippines ranks 4th in the world in the incidence of human deaths related to rabies. This instigated the government of the country to resort to mass culling of dogs, often in manners that were deemed as cruel by animal welfare organizations around the globe. Many such organizations, such as Humane Society International, worked in close association with private and government vets and other animal handling staff to educate them about canine vaccinations and sterilization programmes. Currently, the population of dogs in Philippines is around 11.6 million, and efforts are being made countrywide to solve the stray dog situation in a more humane manner than by mass culling.

5. Japan (12.0 million)

In Japan, the highly busy lives of its people often deter them from parenthood, which is part of the reason for the stunted population growth on the island nation. Instead, many Japanese prefer pets, with the pet population in Japan outnumbering the number of children in the country. Pets in this country (about 12.0 million dogs and a large population of cats), are thus treated as part of the family, and are often pampered heavily by their doting human parents. The love of the Japanese for their pets has also rapidly fuelled the growth of a $10 billion pet industry in the country.

4. Russia (15.0 million)

Russia has a flourishing population of stray dogs as well as a large pet dog population. The population of these animals is about 15 million in the country. Researchers believe that the strays of Russia are descendants of ancient Russian packs, whose population was kept under strict control during the Soviet period. Furs from these dogs were used to make caps, and many strays were subjected to scientific experiments. Belka and Strelka are the two famous Russian strays who lived near the Space Medicine Institute in Moscow before being launched into orbit in space. In the 1990s, as the Russian economy improved with incoming oil revenues, wealth and, in turn, food waste, increased in the streets of Russia, supporting the multiplication of a large stray population. Most famous of Russia’s stray canines are the ‘Metro dogs’ of Moscow. These dogs have mastered the art of riding escalators and metro trains, and are often found riding along with the human commuters on the metro, with kindhearted passengers and metro staff sometimes encouraging their behaviors.

3. China (27.4 million)

China has a huge population of 27.4 million dogs, which is the third largest in the world. Both stray dogs and pets contribute to this large figure. Despite the relaxation of the one child policy, the Chinese population is not growing as fast as its pet population is. Interestingly, having a pet dog in Beijing in the 1980s was considered to be an imitation of the Western lifestyle, and hence was deemed illegal. However, with loosening restrictions in the subsequent years since, Chinese dog ownership grew rapidly. China also has the third largest pet market in the world. Besides pets, the stray dog population is also often encouraged by the charitable activities of those kindhearted Samaritans who take care of these animals and ensure that they are well-fed.

2. Brazil (35.7 million)

According to research estimates, the Brazilian pet market generated a revenue of BRL 15.2 billion in 2013, which was a 7.3% increase as compared to the data from 2012. This exhibits the popularity of pets in Brazil. It is the second largest country in the world in terms of dog population, with 35.7 million dogs calling Brazil their home today. About 50% of Brazilian households own a dog. The growth of a middle class population in the country, along with declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy, has led to an increased frequency for Brazilians to be seen adopting pets as their new family members.

1. USA (75.8 million)

The United States of America appears to be a haven for man’s best friends, with the dog population in the country standing astonishingly high at 75.8 million. Due to the popularity of dogs in the country, dog parks have been established in nearly every major city and town, and dog grooming parlors have cropped up in a large number of locations. Different states in the U.S have their own laws related to dog management, and owners are responsible for strictly adhering to these laws. Some breed-specific legislations have also been passed in some cities, restricting the ownership of specific breeds of dogs, such as Pit bull dogs, after certain cases of dog attacks on toddlers and the elderly, which can end up being deadly. Animal welfare laws have also been strictly implemented in the country, and those accused of cruelty towards dogs will find themselves subject to criminal trials, and subsequent punishments if found guilty.

Which Country Owns the Most Dogs?

The United States counts more dog owners than any other country in the world. Approximately 75.8 million Americans have a pet dog.

source https://fourteen.online/countries-with-the-most-dogs-worldwide/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2u5EAul
via IFTTT

Countries Bordering The Most Other Countries

The countries bordering the most other countries in the world today, China has the most neighbors of all.

International borders are often more political than cultural, as people and there customs usually seem to find a way across them, whether legally or illegally. Some of the borders in the world allow for an ease of access between proximate nations, while others are characterized by fences, patrols, and the threat of death or imprisonment for those who disobey their bounds. Below we have listed the countries in the world bordering the most others, each of which have at least 8 neighbors. For our purposes, we have listed Macau and Hong Kong as separate countries bordering China.

11. Zambia (8 neighbors)

Zambia is a small, land-locked country located in southern Africa. Covering a total area of around 752,615 square kilometers, the country is roughly equivalent to the size of the U.S. state of Texas. Zambia has a total of 5,664 kilometers of land boundaries, sharing its borders with 8 African nations. Namely, these are the Democratic Republic of the Congo for 1,930 kilometers, Angola for 1,110 kilometers, Malawi for 837 kilometers, Mozambique for 419 kilometers, Tanzania for 338 kilometers, Namibia for 233 kilometers, Zimbabwe for 797 kilometers, and Botswana for less than 1 kilometers (0.62 miles). Though the population of Zambia is comprised of 7 main and 75 minor tribes, there has also been a large influx of refugees from the neighboring countries of Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo in recent years.

10. Turkey (8 neighbors)

Turkey shares a unique location in the world map, having a land area of 756,816 square kilometers in Western Asia (Anatolia) and a land area of 23,764 square kilometers in Southeastern Europe (Thrace). The country shares its boundaries with a large number of European and Asian countries. It is bounded on the north by the Black Sea, northeast by Armenia and Georgia, on the east by Azerbaijan and Iran, west and southwest by the Mediterranean Sea, on the southeast by Iran and Syria, and northwest by Greece and Bulgaria. Throughout its history, the critical location of Turkey has acted as a bridge of exchange of thoughts and culture between the European World and the Asian civilizations, rendering the country a rich hub of culture and trade activities. Presently, however, Turkey is facing a tough situation offered by the influence of the ethnic and sectarian strife creating havoc in its neighboring countries of Iraq and Syria.

9. Tanzania (8 neighbors)

The East African country of Tanzania is bordered by 8 neighboring countries including Kenya and Uganda to the north, Mozambique to the south, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west, and Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country maintains amicable and friendly relations with its neighbors and often helps them in settling disputes in a peaceful manner. In September of 1999, Tanzania signed the East African Cooperation Treaty with Uganda and Kenya to encourage economic and regional cooperation among the countries. Tanzania, in partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has also played an active role hosting refugees from its neighboring countries, particularly Burundi, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Mozambique.

8. Serbia (8 neighbors)

Serbia, a country on Southeastern Europe’s Balkan Peninsula, is a landlocked country bordered by 8 neighboring countries. It shares its borders to the north with Hungary, to the east with Bulgaria and Romania, to the south with Macedonia, and to the west with Montenegro, Croatia, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbia enjoys relatively good relations with its neighbors. However, border disputes concerning the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina along the Drina River continue to be an issue.

7. Austria (8 neighbors)

Austria is a small Alpine mountainous landlocked country located in south-central Europe. In the north, Austria shares its borders with the Czech Republic and in the north-east, it is bounded by Slovakia. The eastern boundaries of the Alpine nation is shared with Hungary. Austria also shares its borders with Slovenia in the south, Italy in the south-west, Switzerland and Liechtenstein in the west and Germany in the north-west. The geographical location of Austria places it in an extremely crucial center point in the European Union. It is the center of European traffic between the eastern and western countries as well as the northern and southern countries of Europe. As such, Austria’s neighbors, all members of the European Union, maintain healthy ties with the country, allowing free exchange of capital, goods and people between the neighbors.

6. Metropolitan France (8 neighbors)

France has a roughly hexagonal outline and lies towards the western end of the Eurasian landmass. The country is bordered on the northeast by Luxembourg and Belgium and on the east by Italy, Germany and Switzerland. The French boundary towards the south is shared with the countries of Spain and Andorra and to the north lies England. In Europe, France is a major country which has played a leading role in the European and world history since the Medieval times. The main allies of the country are Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, who also happen to be among the neighbors of France. France and its neighbors, all being members of the European Union, maintain friendly relations with each other, allowing for the free exchange of goods, capital, and people.

5. Germany (9 neighbors)

Germany shares its borders with 9 neighboring countries. On the extreme north Germany is bounded by Denmark. To the west of Germany lies Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium and to the south-west lies France The entire southern boundary of Germany is shared with Austria and Switzerland. The south-east border of Germany is shared with the Czech Republic and the easternmost frontier adjoins Poland. Germany maintains amicable relations with its neighbors who are all members of the European Union and also developed nations themselves. Thus exchange of people, goods, services and capital between these countries is allowed freely, leading to the overall economic development of Germany and its neighbors.

4. DR Congo (9 neighbors)

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the second largest country in Africa and is landlocked on all sides except for the 25 mile coastline shared with the Atlantic Ocean. To the north of this country lies the Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, and Sudan, to the east, DR Congo is bounded by Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. Zambia lies to the southeast of the country and Angola to the south-west. DR Congo is currently in the grip of a civil war which has drawn military forces from its Ugandan, Rwandan, and Burundian neighbors who are helping fuel the rebel movement, thus spoiling the relations between DR Congo and these countries. Various insurgency groups are also taking advantage of the political imbalance in the country to infiltrate DR Congo and use it as a base to attack the neighboring countries.

3. Brazil (10 neighbors)

Brazil shares its borders with 10 other South American countries and territories; namely, Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay, French Guyana (an overseas department and region of France), Paraguay, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname. Among these countries, Brazil shares the strongest, most powerful, and yet complex, relationship with its neighbor Argentina. Even though there were initial periods of muted disputes between the two countries, the relationship was not completely adversarial at any point of time. A high volume of trade and population migration between these two countries has also generated closer ties between these two countries. Brazil also shares strong bonds with Paraguay and provides sea access to the landlocked nation via its own port.

2. Russia (14 neighbors)

With a series of borders running 20,241 kilometers in total, Russia has the second longest set of land borders among the world’s countries. The country shares its borders with 14 separate, neighboring, sovereign countries. To the south, Russia shares its borders with North Korea, Mongolia and China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan. Russian borders in the southwest and west are shared with the Ukraine, Estonia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Norway, and Finland. Russia has extremely complex relationships with its neighboring states. In 2014, Russia founded the Eurasian Economic Union with the neighboring states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Armenia in order to encourage economic development within and between each of the participating countries. Russia’s attempt to restore influence in the former Soviet space and attempts to economically punish neighbors who are establishing ties with E.U., is exerting some strains on the country’s relations with her neighbors.

1. China (16 neighbors)

The second largest country in the world by land area, the People’s Republic of China shares its international borders with 14 sovereign states and 2 special territories. The country is bordered by North Korea and Russia in the northeast and Mongolia on the north. Bordering China to the south are countries of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Bhutan, and Nepal. Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar lie to the southeast of China, and Pakistan to its southwest. The western borders of China are shared with the countries of Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Besides these 14 countries, China also shares a 3-kilometer-long border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999, as well as a 30-kilometer-long border with the former British territory of Hong Kong. Today, Hong Kong and Macau are autonomous, Special Administrative Regions of China. With land borders totaling 22,117 kilometers, the country has the longest system of land borders in the world.

What Country Borders the Most Other Countries?

China shares a land border with 16 countries, more than any other nation. The country borders North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Macau, and Hong Kong.

The post Countries Bordering The Most Other Countries appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/countries-bordering-the-most-other-countries/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2S0qjXP
via IFTTT

Countries With Nuclear Submarines

The United States, Russia, and China top the list of countries with nuclear submarines in the world.

The military capability of countries all over the world has grown from small naval ships to now nuclear-powered submarines which stay under the water for several weeks or even months. Nuclear submarines are more powerful than diesel-powered submarines because nuclear reactors power them. Nuclear reactors run for years without the need for refueling like diesel-powered submarines. The development in the nuclear sectors has enabled a lot of countries to build nuclear-powered submarines to defend their borders. Some of the countries with nuclear submarines are the United Kingdom, Russia, India, United States, China, and France.

Countries With Nuclear Submarines

United States

The United States has several nuclear submarines in three categories cruise missile, attack submarines, and ballistic submarine. Each of the three submarines serves a specific purpose with the latter used for carrying ballistic missiles. Attack submarines take care of tactical missions like intelligence gathering, launching cruise missiles, and even sinking ships or submarines. From the first sub the US had, the Turtle, the advance in technology has enabled better submarines to be built. The US has 72 submarines in total which are further divided into class Los Angeles, Ohio, Virginia, and Seawolf.

Russia

The Russian Navy has several nuclear submarines; some were inherited from the Gorbachev while others were built. In total, the Russian navy has 45 nuclear submarines in three categories attack, ballistic missile, and cruise missile submarines. The attack submarines in the Russian navy can also carry land nuclear cruise missiles.

China

The People’s Republic of China navy operates three fleets of submarines in the North Sea, South Sea, and the East Sea fleet. The fleets consist of both the nuclear powered and conventional powered submarines of which fourteen of the submarines are nuclear powered. The nuclear-powered submarines are categorized into ballistic and attack. The submarines are further placed into different classes namely type 091 Han class, 092 Xia class, 093 Shang, 094 Jin, 095, 96 Tang class, and type 098. The submarines are active and patrol the waters of the People’s Republic of China while protecting its citizens.

India

The Indian navy has only two nuclear submarines with other submarines powered by other means. The two are ballistic missile and attack submarine. The last submarine was leased from the Russians in 2012, and it is under the Indian Navy for ten years. The attack submarine is an Akula class 11 submarine named Chakra. The other sub is in Arihant class submarine and was commissioned in 2016. Both of the two submarines are active and in the water. Apart from the two, the Indian navy has another submarine under construction which may be commissioned in December 2017.

Future of Nuclear Submarines

The nuclear submarine club is increasing year after year as countries around the world see the importance of having a nuclear submarines for their security. The advancement in technology is also enabling submarines to be built with the top-notch technology. Technology incorporated in the submarines enables the missiles to be fired from a far without the location of the sub being known.

Which Country Has the Most Nuclear Submarines?

The United States has the most nuclear submarines, at 72.

Countries With Nuclear Submarines

Rank	Country	Nuclear Submarines
1	United States	72
2	Russia	45
3	People’s Republic of China	14
4	United Kingdom	11
5	France	10
6	India	2

The post Countries With Nuclear Submarines appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/countries-with-nuclear-submarines/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2uHIE4a
via IFTTT

Countries With the Most Submarines

North Korea has one of the countries with the Most submarines than any other country.

The concept of submersibles can be traced to the fifth century during the siege of Syracuse (415 – 413 BC). The first of the modern submarines was made for the French Navy and commissioned in 1863. The submarine Plongeur was fitted with a reciprocating engine powered by compressed air from 23 tanks. The submarine was combat ineffective as it was extremely slow and had poor maneuverability. The modern submarine can unleash a barrage of nuclear and conventional missiles against ocean-going and land based targets. Modern submarines are used for deterrence and attack. There are three categories of submarines: the cruise missile submarine, the attack submarine, and the ballistic missile submarine. They are either powered by nuclear or diesel fuel. North Korea owns the most submarines of any country in the world.

Countries With the Most Submarines

China

China has the largest fleet of submarines in the world with 18 nuclear-powered and 58 non-nuclear powered vessels. The Chinese Navy has invested a significant amount of money in the past 40 years to expand its fleet. The rise of Chinese influence in the Pacific is threatening the dominance of the United States and her allies as the world’s most populous country continues to develop sophisticated artillery. In 2015 China unveiled three nuclear-powered submarines that are speculated to be either the advanced type 094 or 093.

North Korea

North Korea is thought to be in possession of between 72 and 76 submarines. However, the entire fleet is diesel powered. Despite being in possession of nuclear weapons, the country has yet to produce a nuclear-powered submarine. A few of the North Korean submarines have become obsolete and are battle ineffective. In spite of that, the remaining fleet is reason enough for other countries such as the United States to be concerned. The “Sinpo-Class” submarine is thought to be capable of firing ballistic cruise missiles that can be fitted with nuclear warheads.

The United States

The United States Navy is in possession of 70 submarines. The entire American fleet is nuclear-powered. Each of the vessels can last in the sea for more than 25 years with occasional replenishment of the food reserves. The country is in possession of cruise missile submarines, attack submarines and ballistic submarines with the capability of launching nuclear arsenal anywhere in the world. The United States is currently developing the Virginia class of submarines that is set to counter the strengthening influence of the Chinese Navy in the Pacific.

Russia

Russia has a fleet of 61 submarines that consist of 39 nuclear-powered and 22 diesel powered vessels. The Russian fleet consists of the attack submarines, ballistic missile submarines, and cruise missile submarines. Russia is in the process of adopting and integrating modern technology in its fleet to counter NATO. In 2017, the state unveiled the Yasen Class, which is the most powerful nuclear-powered submarine of the Russian Navy.

Global Submarine Power

There are 503 submarines in the world. 141 are nuclear powered while the rest are diesel powered. The United States, China, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia are the only countries with nuclear-powered submarines. Only 38 countries are in the possession of submarines. Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, and Libya are the only African countries with the vessels.

Which Country Has the Most Submarines?

North Korea has more submarines than any other country, with a total count of 72.

Countries With the Most Submarines

Rank	Country	Numer of Submarines
1	North Korea	72
2	China	58
3	South Korea	23
4	Russia	22
5	Iran	21
6	Japan	18
7	India	14
8	Turkey	14
9	Greece	8
10	Algeria	6

The post Countries With the Most Submarines appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/countries-with-the-most-submarines/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2RFyslO
via IFTTT

Nuclear Power Plants by Country

Nuclear power plants are present in 31 countries, with the United States and France having the most nuclear power plants.

Electricity generation from nuclear reactors started in the 1950s. Nuclear energy is obtained by fission or splitting isotopes of large atoms like uranium or plutonium. It now supplies around 4% of global electricity and is the fourth largest source of energy. At 99, the United States has more nuclear power plants than anywhere else in the world.

Nuclear Power in a Changing World

There are many advantages and disadvantages to nuclear power. Though production of nuclear energy is cheap, a nuclear plant has a limited operational period. So it is difficult to recover the cost of the capital intensive plant. Moreover, the plant has to be dismantled, and the nuclear waste managed for a long time before it stops being radioactive.

With 58 nuclear reactors, France produced sufficient nuclear power to supply about 78% of its electricity needs. It is the country leading in nuclear power utilization for electricity generation. It also exports surplus nuclear power to neighboring Switzerland, Italy and Belgium. The proportion of nuclear power usage for electricity ranges between 41-60% for Belgium, Hungary, Slovakia, Sweden, South Korea, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The percentage of electricity generated from nuclear sources varies between 30-40% for the Czech Republic, Finland, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Armenia and Slovenia, and 16-20% for Germany, Russia, Canada, the UK, the USA, and Romania. The top producers of nuclear power are developed or transitional economies.

As evident from the table, the majority of these countries- lie in Europe, two in North America, two in Asia and one in South America. US and Ukraine who suffered major nuclear disasters are increasing the share of nuclear power in their energy production. The US, which has 99 reactors, is banking on nuclear power to meet its 2050 carbon emissions targets. The Three Mile Island accident of 1979 stopped new additions for many decades and production was increased only by improving existing reactors. Ukraine, which suffered from Chernobyl, the worst nuclear disaster of all time, plans to add 11 more reactors to its existing 15 plants to double nuclear power.

Future of Nuclear Power

In the aftermath of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Disaster in 2011, Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium have decided to stop nuclear production completely by 2022, 2035 and 2025 respectively. The French want to reduce their dependence on nuclear to 50%. The Spanish government plans to shut down its nuclear reactors when they have enough electricity from solar and wind power. Many of the countries like, Finland, USA, Sweden, Canada, Ukraine, Russia and possibly South Korea on the other hand. are set to increase the share of nuclear power in electricity generation. Top international organizations, the UN, and Worldbank, who want universal access to electricity, do not support nuclear power, given the risks associated with its use. In the Climate conference in Paris (COP21), 195 countries, however, decided to allow the use of nuclear power to combat climate change.

Which Countries Rely the Most on Nuclear Energy?

Some of the countries that rely the most on nuclear energy include France, Slovakia, Hungary, Belgium, and Ukraine.

Countries With the Most Nuclear Power Plants

Rank	Country	Nuclear Power Plants
1	United States	99
2	France	58
3	Japan	42
4	China	39
5	Russia	35
6	Korea, Republic of	25
7	India	22
8	Canada	19
9	Ukraine	15
10	United Kingdom	15
11	Sweden	9
12	Germany	8
13	Belgium	7
14	Spain	7
15	Czech Republic	6
16	Taiwan	6
17	Pakistan	5
18	Switzerland	5
19	Finland	4
20	Hungary	4
21	Slovakia	4
22	Argentina	3
23	Brazil	2
24	Bulgaria	2
25	Mexico	2
26	Romania	2
27	South Africa	2
28	Armenia	1
29	Iran	1
30	Netherlands	1
31	Slovenia	1

source https://fourteen.online/nuclear-power-plants-by-country/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/2t78Zbc
via IFTTT

The Worst Nuclear Disasters of All Time

The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster is the worst nuclear disaster in history both in terms of costs and casualties.

Few alternative energy sources can be considered dangerous for human and environmental health with the exception of nuclear energy. The biggest concern from using this type of energy comes from the potential for radiation poisoning and pollution. Nuclear technology produces radioactive waste that comes into contact with humans and the environment during reactor accidents and waste storage leaks. The Chernobyl disaster, the Fukushima disaster, and the Kyshtym disasters were among the worst nuclear disasters of all time.

In the event of a nuclear disaster, humans may suffer from increased cancer rates and future generations may suffer from genetic defects. Radiation in the environment can result in significantly reduced plant growth and animal deaths. However, the number of deaths and illnesses that are caused by a nuclear disaster are hard to trace and are as a result often controversial. For this reason, we will be organizing nuclear disasters not by death toll but by their rating on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES). INES is a series of metrics that were created in 1990 as a way to measure the destruction caused by nuclear disasters and meltdowns. INES organizes nuclear disasters into the following categories:

• Level 7 – Major Accident
• Level 6 – Serious Accident
• Level 5 – Accident With Wider Consequences
• Level 4 – Accident With Local Consequences
• Level 3 – Serious Incident
• Level 2 – Incident
• Level 1 – Anomaly
• Level 0 – Deviation

For this article, we will be focusing on incidents that qualified as level 5, 6, or 7 disasters.

The Worst Nuclear and Radiation Disasters in History

Chernobyl Disaster – Pripyat, Ukraine (Level 7)

Chernobyl Disaster undoubtedly deserves a spot on the list of the world’s worst nuclear disasters of all time. On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine (at the time the USSR) suffered a tremendous accident. During testing, an explosion occurred that ended in 9 days of fires and radiation emissions. There were 31 immediate deaths and an estimated 4,000 premature deaths from the effects of the radiation leak. Today, around 5 million people live in radionuclide contaminated zones, and they still lack the information they need to live healthy lives. An 18.6-mile radius area is still closed to humans, known as the Chernobyl Disaster Exclusive Zone. This zone includes lakes, forests, and eery abandoned buildings, including shows and shopping centers. Concerns regarding birth defects and food contamination among those who were exposed remain to this day.

Mihama Nuclear Power Plant – Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (Level 7)

The 2011 Japan tsunami and earthquake devastated northeastern Japan, resulting in an outcome of around 15,000 deaths and thousands of injuries and missing people. It was the worst earthquake in Japan’s history and one of the worst tsunamis to strike the world in recorded history. To make a terrible situation even worse, the earthquake resulted in meltdowns at nuclear power plants in the country’s Fukushima Prefecture. The meltdown directly resulted in the deaths of two people. The handling of the disaster, which many in the public perceived to be slow and inadequate, caused a massive uproar both in Japan and abroad. Like Chernobyl, the Fukushima disaster further deteriorated the world’s faith in nuclear power. Several countries around the world, such as Germany and Italy, vowed to either close their nuclear power plants or cease building any new ones. However, in some countries such as India and Russia, nuclear power still reigns strong.

Kyshtym Disaster (Level 6)

Mayak, a major plutonium-producing site in Russia, was also the site of one of the worst nuclear disasters of all time. On September 29, 1957, a nuclear waste storage container exploded, exposing 22 villages to dangerous radiation levels. Although more than 10,000 people were evacuated instantly, a full two years passed before all sites were evacuated. To make matters worse, the explosion was kept secret from the outside world by the USSR for three decades. This disaster left 200 confirmed dead and contaminated the nearby rivers and soil.

Windscale Fire – Sellafield, United Kingdom (Level 5)

The worst nuclear disaster in the history of the United Kingdom took place on October 10, 1957. The incident occurred when a reactor, known as “Unit 1”, caught fire. The fire continued to burn for three full days, releasing radiation as far away as Europe. The radiation contained idoine-131, an isotope known to cause thyroid cancer. Studies that have been conducted on the connection between the Windscale Fire and cancer rates have been mixed.

Three Mile Island Accident – Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States (Level 5)

The Three Mile Island accident was the most significant nuclear disaster in American history. It happened on March 28, 1979. The disaster occurred when large amounts of nuclear reactor coolant leaked from reactor number 2 at the Nuclear Generating Station near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. To make matters worse, the leak was not immediately identified as such, leaving to a lengthy problem-solving session and a delay in damage control. At the time of the disaster, a voluntary evacuation was called for anyone within a five mile radius of the plant. Reactor number 2 was so badly damaged that it was never used again, and was eventually commissioned. Reactor number 1 is still in operation but is soon to cease operations in 2019. The accident led to widespread panic throughout the eastern United States, and had an impact on the public perception of nuclear power.

First Chalk River Accident – Chalk River, Ontario, Canada (Level 5)

In 1952, a nuclear reactor at the Chalk River Laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario suffered a loss of coolant and a damaged core, which eventually led to a partial meltdown of the reactor. It was the first nuclear accident in the history of all nuclear energy. No deaths occurred as a result of the meltdown. However, the clean-up required was arduous and involved hundreds of volunteers and military personnel.

Future Disaster Prevention

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) concerns itself with all things related to nuclear facilities, including nuclear safety and security. In recent years, the nuclear power industry has improved reactor designs and performance. The IAEA activated the Convention on Nuclear Safety in 1996 and since then it was amended in 2015. The amendments include such protection measures as nuclear power plants are to be designed with accident prevention in mind, periodic safety assessments are to be implemented, and national regulation agencies must take into account the IAEA Safety Standards.

What Was the Worst Nuclear Disaster in History?

The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster is the worst nuclear disaster in history both in terms of costs and casualties. . On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine (at the time the USSR) suffered a tremendous accident. During testing, an explosion occurred that ended in 9 days of fires and radiation emissions. There were 31 immediate deaths and an estimated 4,000 premature deaths from the effects of the radiation leak.

Deadliest Nuclear and Radiation Disasters In History

Rank	Disaster	Location	INES Rating
1	Chernobyl Disaster	Pripyat, Ukraine	Level 7
2	Mihama Nuclear Power Plant	Fukushima Prefecture, Japan	Level 7
3	Kyshtym Disaster	Mayak, Russia	Level 6
4	Windscale Fire	Sellafield, United Kingdom	Level 5
5	Three Mile Island Accident	Harrisburg, Pennsylvania	Level 5
6	First Chalk River Accident	Chalk River, Ontario	Level 5

source https://fourteen.online/the-worst-nuclear-disasters-of-all-time/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/3aPpz0t
via IFTTT

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mobile Phone

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mobile Phone
Benefits

Communication is helpful

The mobile phone helps you keep your distant friends and relatives close. In the past, it was inevitable that all the telegrams would be sent, so that the mobile phone would finish the job in a few minutes.

It is always helpful to stay in touch

These are the same computer functions as mobile phones receive new updates. You can get involved with the Internet all the time, such as sending, receiving email, browsing websites, downloading games and videos.

Multiple usage

You can handle ten tasks at once using your device. A single device will help you perform all your activities, such as song listening, watching motion pictures, playing games, storing notes, making video calls, setting an alarm. Now you can control your TV and home lights using your smartphone.

In case of emergencies You may have your device working as an emergency in case of an emergency. Traveling with your phone is a good idea. Your device will also be able to assist you in times of emergency.

Disadvantages

Is irritating

This allows you to spend less time with family when your phone is with you. You keep checking the device frequently for calls, messages, notifications coming to your phone. This can ruin your personal time.

Confidential content leak

It is very dangerous to store all your confidential stuff on your device. Your phone is more likely to be attacked by someone else. Mobile theft is now on the rise and it is even more dangerous to store your personal information on the phone.

Disturb the concentration

Usually when you are driving, the main call is made and you use the mobile while you are running. But it does lead to a later risk. Similarly, frequent banging of your phone during congregation meetings can disturb the peace.

Less face-to-face communication

Nowadays social media like Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp are getting a lot of interaction. People use their apps for the time of their visit, and the friendship disappears, resulting in family strife, making the relationship less expensive.
Others Advantages And Disadvatages

* Get in touch easily:

We used to talk to our relatives only during that time. Bringing people closer to each other. We can see and talk to friends from far away, from where we live, through video calls. Jangamwani helps us stay connected no matter how far away we may be.

* Time saving:

Work tasks are rapidly moving away from mobile usage. Mobile apps can also order meals, snacks, clothes, cosmetics, and even everyday items. This saves most of the day. We can also pay for our infrastructure, water and electricity bills

* For fun:

Mobile is the best partner to spend time with. In it we can download games, read books too. Music can also be heard when bored. It is no mistake that young people spend more time on mobile than TV and radio.

* Guide:

Previously it was talked about as a “read and see” cell, but if you have a mobile phone in your hand today, you can see in front of your eyes the full range of the environment, the weather, the path and so on.

* Repository of information:

People who rely on school colleges for knowledge are now able to access any information from mobile. Many websites, such as Google, provide us with more information than we need, which can be helpful in your language development in any language.

Good thing there is something bad about saying that. Everyone knows it as well as how dangerous mobile is.

* Not Eco Friendly:

By acting on mobile radio waves, it can harm the environment. There has been a significant decrease in the offspring since the advent of mobile magic, and if this continues, we should not be surprised if we see it in photos.

* Health Impact:

In the current phenomenon, day by day, some types of diseases are on the rise. With all the work done in the sitting position, the man suffers from obesity and overweight, without exercise. Infertility is also seen in women due to smartphone overuse. Cardiovascular disease causes waves of the stomach and bladder. Research has also shown that excessive use of mobile phones can cause vision and brain cancer.

* Information leakage:

Privacy on the internet is a mirage. Now that all our information is leaked due to hackers, the worst thing is that all of our information and photos are being misused when we browse on mobile. Also, it is advisable not to store our personal information on mobile phones as there are other software available in the market that can easily steal the information on our mobiles.

* Failed to concentrate:

Today’s children are very sharp, but coming in will make them less interested in reading. Children act like they are lost in a world of dullness and something else. The number of children who have lost their lives by playing some dangerous games is a great example, such as the Bluevale Game, in which children have lost their lives and children have participated in some misdemeanor.

* Getting lost in the selfie gang

Click on the photo frame is standing dressed in the same clothes for the past madtini a hallmark of the time, but today, mobile is a mayeyalli There was an instant everything can click on the photo hagagiye littered the removal of any pradesadallirali bekendagalella finger to click the photo spread showing the face of Warren also said that mental illness is clinical wife Some people have lost their lives in this gilinalli seyalli selphitis referred to as the examples we found.

source https://drlinex.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mobile-phone/

from Dr. Linex https://ift.tt/31aRSlt
via IFTTT